Essay on Narrator and Point of View in Yellow Wallpaper...

Narrator and Point of View in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Story of an Hour Both Gilmans and Chopins stories are, in effect, stories of women who feel trapped by the men in their lives. Gilman uses first person narration to reveal a womans creeping loss of reality to her readers, while Chopin allows us to experience the joy Louise Mallard felt upon hearing of her husbands death through third person narration. Interestingly, neither story would have been able to reveal either womans psyche to impact the reader as successfully as both did had their individual narrations been attempted through another form. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilmans point of view is expressed through first person narration, which provides her†¦show more content†¦Her descriptions and obsessions with the wallpaper as viewed from her perspective, truly draw readers into her downward spiral to ultimate insanity. Readers follow her in her mind from a nervous condition through her mild subsequent pleadings for alternative treatment to eventually creeping through the wallpaper with her--experiences which readers grasp within a powerful narration indeed. Through her, and only her is precisely how readers clearly knew how she felt at the end when she says, Ive got out at last in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! (330). Husband John fainted, he had no idea she had gone that far, but readers did. Similarly, Chopins The Story of an Hour also draws readers into the emotions revealed within Louise Mallards mind when her husband appears to have been killed. Chopin also succeeds powerfully but accomplishes this through the third person narration of this one character [with Louise as the center of awareness]. With third person narration in this story, one is provided a bystander perspective concerning other characters treatment of her and the entire situation/scene set-up in the exposition of the story. The narrator assures us that . . . great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death (177). This type of narration brings both a sense ofShow MoreRelated`` The Yellow Wallpaper `` By Charlotte Perkins Gilman And The Story Of The Hour917 Words   |  4 Pagescreate a theme in a short story. Most of the factors are the elements of fiction, which include plot, setting, characters, symbolism, conflict, and point of view. The two stories that will be compared in this essay are â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"The Story of the Hour† by Kate Chopin. The elements that especially contribute to creating a theme for these short stories are the characters, point of view, and plot. The characters of both stories play a main role in moldingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper: A Look Into Post-Partum Depression1061 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, The Yellow Wallpaper, portrays the life and mind of a woman suffering from post-partum depression in the late eighteenth century. Gilman uses setting to strengthen the impact of her story by allowing the distant country mansion symbolize the loneliness of her narrator, Jane. Gilman also uses flat characters to enhance the depth of Jane’s thoughts; however, Gilman’s use of narrative technique impacts her story the most. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins GilmanRead More Male View of Hysteria Presented in The Yellow Wallpaper3352 Words   |  14 PagesMale View of Hysteria Presented in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story The Yellow Wallpaper has been viewed as either a work of supernatural horror or as a feminist treatise regarding the role of women in society. A close analysis of Gilmans use of symbols reveals The Yellow Wallpaper as her response to the male view of hysteria from ancient times through the nineteenth century. In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman questions the validity of HippocratessRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1667 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a semi- autobiography by author Charlotte Perkins Gilman who wrote it after going through a severe postpartum depression. Gilman became involved in feminist activities and her writing made her a major figure in the women s movement. Books such as â€Å"Women and Economics,† written in 1898, are proof of her importance as a feminist. Here she states that women who learn to be economically independent can then create equ ality between men and women. She wrote other books such asRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman964 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch essay on a very interesting story and a presentation with a wonderful group of classmates. The research paper assignment was challenging like any other research essay, however I did learn from this experience. Reading scholarly articles was not easy at all. They were long and had many words I did not understand; it was actually the first time I had ever read scholarly articles. I choose the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman. The Yellow Wallpaper was a good story to write aboutRead Moreâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†: A Comparison Introduction2266 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†: A Comparison Introduction Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has received wide praise for its accurate depiction of madness and the symptoms attributed to mental breakdowns (Shumaker 1985).  Ã‚   While these symptoms may seem obvious from today’s psychological perspective, Gilman was writing at the close of the 19th century when the discipline of psychology was still emerging out of a rudimentary psychiatric approach to treatingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper: a Stifling Relationship1609 Words   |  7 PagesHusband-Doctor: A Stifling Relationship In Gilmans the Yellow Wallpaper At the beginning of The Yellow Wallpaper, the protagonist, Jane, has just given birth to a baby boy. Although for most mothers a newborn infant is a joyous time, for others, like Jane, it becomes a trying emotional period that is now popularly understood to be the common disorder, postpartum depression. For example, Jane describes herself as feeling a lack of strength (Colm, 3) and as becoming dreadfully fretful andRead More The Yellow Wallpaper: A Stifling Relationship1551 Words   |  7 Pages Husband-Doctor: A Stifling Relationship In Gilman’s â€Å"the Yellow Wallpaper† At the beginning of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the protagonist, Jane, has just given birth to a baby boy. Although for most mothers a newborn infant is a joyous time, for others, like Jane, it becomes a trying emotional period that is now popularly understood to be the common disorder, postpartum depression. For example, Jane describes herself as feeling a â€Å"lack of strength† (Colm, 3) and as becoming â€Å"dreadfully fretful andRead More Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Chopin’s The Awakening1619 Words   |  7 PagesDespite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, depict the same suffering; the isolation that women have been forced to endure throughout history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands; their responsibility revolving around the needs of their children and those of their spouse. Most women simply did not have a meansRead MoreFeminism During 19th Century American Short Stories4097 Words   |  17 PagesKaylee Gould Ms. Henderson 3rd period Feminism in Late 19th Century American Short Stories Research Question: How is feminism revealed through the divergence of women’s roles in society and their own personal desires in the American short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†? Introduction Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent

Accounting Test Questions - 1217 Words

ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS: - Project #3 is due on Friday, April 18 at 4PM in 340 Wohlers. - Office hours on Thursday at 3:30 in 170 Wohlers. TODAY: †¢ Chapter 12 (CF Estimation) †¢ Web Appendix 12B (Replacement) †¢ Web Appendix 12F (Unequal Lives) PROBLEM 3 (Chapter 12) Kennedy Air Services is now in the final year of a project. The equipment originally cost $20 million, of which 80 percent has been depreciated. Kennedy can sell the used equipment today for $5 million, and its tax rate is 40 percent. What is the equipment’s after tax net salvage value. Book Value (BV) = (1 – 0.8) x $20 = $4 million Market Value (MV) = $5 million Additional Taxable Income = MV – BV = $1 million Additional Taxes = 0.4 x $1 = $0.4 million After†¦show more content†¦CF1 = ($50,000)(0.65) + ($40,500)(0.35) = $32,500 + $14,175 = $46,675. CF2 = ($50,000)(0.65) + ($58,500)(0.35) = $32,500 + $20,475 = $52,975. CF3 = ($50,000)(0.65) + ($13,500)(0.35) = $32,500 + $4,725= $37,225. CF4 = ($50,000)(0.65) + ($1,500)(0.35) = $32,500 + $525= $33,025. CF5 = ($50,000)(0.65) + (-$9,000)(0.35) = $32,500 - $3,150= $29,350. 5 c. What incremental terminal cash flow will occur at the end of Year 5 if the new machine is purchased? After-tax salvage value on new machine $ 0 After-tax salvage value on old machine (opportunity cost) (6,500) Terminal CF ($6,500) d. What is the NPV of this project? Should Erley replace the old machine? Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total CF -$98,500 $46,675 $52,975 $37,225 $33,025 $29,350+(-$6,500) = $22.850 6 PROBLEM 2 (Web App. 12F) Cotner Clothes Inc. is considering the replacement of its old, fully depreciated knitting machine. Two new models are available: (a) Machine190-3, which has a cost of $190,000, a 3-year expected life, and after-tax cash flows (labor savings and depreciation) of $87,000 per year; and (b) Machine 360-6, which has a cost of $360,000, a 6-year life, and aftertax cash flows of $98,300 per year. Assume both projects can be repeated. Knitting machine prices are not expected to rise because inflation will be offset by cheaperShow MoreRelatedAccounting Test Questions3498 Words   |  14 PagesQuestion 1 a) On January 1, 2011 the Batista Company budget committee has reached agreement on the following data for the 6 months ending June 30, 2011: Sales units: 1st quarter – 5 000 2nd quarter – 6 000 3rd quarter – 7 000 Ending raw materials inventory – 50% of the next quarter s production requirements. Ending finished goods inventory – 30% of the next quarter s expected sales units. 3rd quarter actual production – 7 250 units Three pounds of raw materialsRead MoreAccounting Test with Multiple Choice Questions1889 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿BA 213 - Test#1 Review Instructor: Usha Ramanujam Dear Students, I have indicated answers to the test review questions in BOLD. You can highlight the entire review and remove the bold feature before you start working on these questions and then verify the answers. Also, detailed solutions are given for q.38 and q.40 /Usha 1.  Thread used in the production of mattresses, an indirect material, is classified as manufacturing overhead.  TRUE/ False 2. Prime cost andRead MoreEssay on assignment 1 acct theory629 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1 (25 marks) Several accounting standards include ceiling tests (also called impairment tests). Required: a. What is a ceiling test? Identify two IASB accounting standards that contain a ceiling test and describe the test. (7 marks) The ceiling test is an accounting standard that stipulates that capital assets such as property, plant and equipment must be written down if their net carrying value exceeds the net recoverable amount. This is to prevent overvaluation of capital assetsRead MoreA Contemporary Analysis Of Accounting Professionals Work Life Balance1741 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is aimed at evaluating the validity and reliability of the research paper titled â€Å"A Contemporary Analysis of Accounting Professionals’ Work-Life Balance† by Buchheit, Dalton, Harp and Hollingsworth, published in the Accounting Horizons Journal in March 2016 in its first issue of volume 30. The research paper endeavoured to provide answers for two main research questions that were aimed at scrutinising the difference between 1. auditors and tax professionals in terms of their work-life conflictRead MoreProposed Changes Of The Cpa Exam1100 Words   |  5 PagesPROPOSED CHANGES IN THE CPA EXAM Introduction In order to adapt to the changing needs of professionals in the accounting industry and maintain the relevance of current accounting skills, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has made the decision to remake the CPA exam. During the January 2014 to September 1, 2015 timeframe, the AICPA used a number of focus groups, which included supervisors of newly-licensed CPAs, practicing CPAs, and boards of accountancy members. TheseRead MoreCBU Syllabus 2015 MBAC 51031353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction to Accounting: MBAC 5103 Instructor Information Professor: Derrick Hayes Winter 2015 Office: SB217 Tues Thurs: 1:00 – 2:15 pm Email: derrick_hayes@cbu.ca Phone: 563-1312 Course Website (URL): Textbooks and Readings Required Text: Hayes, Derrick, Introduction to Accounting, Primus, McGraw Hill Prerequisites: NONE CourseRead MoreAcc 403 Week 8 Assignment 21144 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow when conducting an external audit. External public accounting firms conduct external audits to ensure outside stakeholders that the company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) standards. Use the Internet to select a public accounting company that appeals to you. Imagine that you are a senior partner in a public accounting firm hired to complete an audit for the chosen publicRead MoreSample Resume : Business Administration1067 Words   |  5 PagesThis project is focus in helping accounting students to recognize what is best if pursue a master’s degree in business administration immediately after the undergraduate degree or after gaining some years of jobs experience. It is going to compare the different graduate programs related with the accounting field, specially the master in business administration with focus in accounting and the master in accountancy degree. This project should answer any questions of business students regarding toRead MoreMaking A Certified Public Accountant Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagessome students. This report is based around accounting and what it has to offer. Accountants have many different jobs that they can do. Information to become a Certified Public Accountant will be given in this report. The process through college to get a degree in accounting can be a little overwhelming due to the variety of jobs accounting has to offer. Accounting majors have many directions they can chose, such as working for a public or private accounting firm, focusing on auditing or taking thatRead MoreSelf Reflection : A Teacher1650 Words   |  7 Pagesteacher is able to promote risk-taking, increase higher-order thinking skills, and enhance creativity in all content areas (Guillat, 2008). TWS Assessments: Pre- and Post Tests The quantitative aspect of this study is the pre-and post assessments implemented during the unit of instruction. The TWS typically uses a pre-and post test model to analyze and compare assessment information (Phillips Marston 2008). The TWS uses a single group for testing. In the case of this study, the group is a high-school

Yulin Dog Meat Festival-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Choose one news item that is of your Interest and has Ethical Issues concerning any entity Offer your own judgement, analysis and recommendation of the case. Answer: Introduction The dog meat festival commonly known as the Yulin Dog Meat Festival is held in Yulin, Guangxi, China. The festival took place during summer solstice where festival visitors eat dog meat. The festival originally began in 2009 and run for an estimated tenure of 10 days. Around 10,000 15,000 dogs are consumed during the festival. The festival is criticized by much animal welfare organizations and the animal supporter group (Worley 2016). Background The dog meat festival began over 400 years ago in China. People participating in the festival believe that the dog meat helps in relieving with the heat in summer months. There is no medical evidence in the support of the logic behind the festival. The number of dog consumed in the festival has gone up in 2015 bringing attention of people around the world over it. The dogs are paraded in wooden crates and metal cages for the purpose of consumption by the local visitors (Koetse 2016). While slaughtering dogs is common in China, the festival is a representative of cruelty and lack of hygiene. Some of the pets slaughtered are either stolen or the one who are unwell. The animals are sent to the festival in a small cage without proper food and water. The slaughtering takes place in front of the live animals. Psychologically the animals watching the slaughtering in front of them create a high amount of fear. Scope Unethical practices are the action that falls outside the purview of the moral activity. For the purpose of gain, an individual can act unethically at any front. To understand the concept of ethical issues the dog meat festival is taken and examined from the ethical point of view. Ethical Issue Thousand of dogs are butchered for human consumption every year and forced to travel long distances. The dogs are kept in small cages and wait for their fate. They watch the other dogs being butchered right in front of them. There are some reports that some of the dogs are beaten and burnt alive. The worldwide media coverage is increasing the concern around the world and bringing the attention of worldwide welfare organization in order to bring a positive change (Ethic Center 2016). There are sad stories from the festival have created a worldwide news bringing attention to the issue. People in China are following the ritual only due to the age old ceremony that dates back to around 500 years. The Westerners frequently act in response to the outrage of eating man's best friend. According to Chinese tradition, consumption of dog meat is supposed to ward off the heat of summer. This belief in an age old custom is an ethical issue where the whole world is moving towards transformation. S elling dog meat in China is legal in mainland China. This festival is a way to make money in the poor region Of China. The reason behind condemnation of this festival is due to the cruel treatment of the animal. The dogs are paraded in wooden crates and metal cages for the purpose of consumption by the local visitors. Video and photographs shows the sad story behind the small cage. Critics have claimed that most of the dogs are stolen and cooked alive (Piazza 2015). Moreover there are certain health concerns regarding the animal cruelty and has raised concern about the meat sold at the festival. The dogs are transported in a poor condition with cruelty, Though Chinas food and safety organization has banned selling meat in such a condition. But the situation is still same; a large number of unvaccined dogs are sold without any proper care. In 2008, WHO has raised issues in order to create awareness among people? The Humane Society International called Yulin as a "festival of cruelty" and articulates that the majority Chinese citizens would despise what take place in the local area (Henderson 2016). In 2015 Expert like Peter Li went surreptitiously at Yulin in May and witnessed arrangements for the festival in full sway. Mass dog slaughter is still a part of Chinese ritual and taking place at Yulin in spite of the local system. There are efforts by the social activists to end the practice in future. The Yulin government has affirmed the 'festival' will not happen in future (Baggini 2015). This is mere semantic and thousands of dogs will die in future for meat in the name of ritual. There is no medical evidence in the support of the logic behind the festival. The ethical issues have created a fury in the global history for the reason that the cruelty against animals should not be supported at any cost. Many activists have raised their voice against the festival on the social media asking localities to boycott it. The global concern pertaining to the festival has raised the matter (Petkar 2017). What do Chinese Thinks about the festival There is a cultural difference in attitude of people in the West and China. The animals are not seen with the same affection in China. Some people accuse westerners approach as hypocrite as the county has a long history of industrial meat trade killing million of animals every year (Smith 2016). Animal supporter group argue that China should make progress with the time and should prevent cruelty against animals. Chinese celebrity such as pop stars Chen Kun and Yang Mi has protested the festival on the social media. Since then opinion is turning against the festival and local government has disassociated since 2014 forbidding its employees to attend the local festival (Linshi 2016). Many activists have raised their voice against the festival on the social media asking localities to boycott it. In the recent time the meat restaurants are asked to shift the large scale open air meat consumption inside. The dogs eaten at the festival are burnt or boiled alive and there are reports that dogs are clubbed or beaten to death. It is done due to the belief that this increases the adrenalin circulation in the dog adding more flavors. In the 2015 festival there were long queue outside large restaurant selling the dog meat for around 4 (5.60) per kilogram (Sudworth 2014). The animal righ t NGO Best Volunteer Centre asserts that the city has more than 100 slaughterhouses. These places are processing between 30 and 100 dogs a day. The Yulin Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention argues that the city has only eight dog slaughterhouses selling 200 dogs approximately. This amount increases to 2,000 dogs throughout the Yulin festival (Plant based news 2017). Aftermath Due to the continuous efforts of the activists around the world Yulin the home of the notorious Yulin Festival has banned the slaughter of dogs. Millions of dogs are stolen from homes and are driven thousands of miles transversely in China. They are being slaughtered in front of each other for meat. The cruelty has recently been banned due to the efforts of new party secretary Mo Gong Ming (Hong 2017) The ban will take place with effect from June 15 and will last until June 22. This will cover the core festival days when 10,000 of dogs are killed. Anyone selling the dogs in these days will be strictly punished with fines of up to 100,000 Yuan 11,200. Despondently the ban includes dogs, but it has elevated hopes amongst animal rights activists. In 2016, there were reports that the activists and dog lovers across the world were moved by the heartbreaking images of dogs and cats trapped in cage in the name of age old ritual (Pettier 2016). There are continuous practice around the world where activists around the world travelling hundreds of miles across the country to try and rescue some of the dogs. Even the ban is temporary but this short time-period ban will have a long term effect. This will surely lead to the disintegration of the dog meat trade. The ban is constant by means of knowledge that Yulin and the rest of the country will be changing for better. The younger generation in Yulin is becoming empathetic and do understand the concern related with the issue. This measure is considered as a big nail in the coffin for a horrible occasion in China. This has symbolized an end the Chinas crime-fuelled dog meat trade. In the last year the Yulin festival has gained remarkable attention in news. This has however allowed created awareness among people (Guo 2015). Unfortunately, it will take some time for the country to ban the festival completely. Many dogs and cats will still be killed in the name of the festival. However, this is surely a landmark conquest and in coming few days we expect that the authorities will take strict actions against those who participate in the activity. It is only due to the consistent determination of the activists that the dog slaughtering in Yulin this year has reduced to 2,000 to 3,000. More efforts are required in the field so as to reduce the condition (Dervin and Machart 2017). There is worldwide awareness campaign to create awareness and to support the concern by banning the killing of dogs in the name of the festival. Different social activist organizations have asked public to sign a petition in order to seek support. This has however helped in creating local government awareness. It is due to the effort that the ban has taken place with effect from June 15 and will last until June 22. This will cover the core festival days when 10,000 of dogs are killed (Milburn 2016). Despite of all these changes in the surroundings the new generation of Chinese animal lovers more and more observes dogs as friend. People across the world have horrified at what happens at Yulin and have came together in order to raise their voice in order to create a difference. It is very bad that The Yulin Dog Meat Festival will carry on taking place in spite of the current action (Li 2016). It is up to people that they should come jointly as one voice to let local Yulin government to know that the international society is up roaring deafeningly "STOP YULIN" forever! The reason behind condemnation of this festival is due to the cruel treatment of the animal. The ethical issues related to the festival need to be given importance by creating more and more awareness. Many dog lovers around the world have come together and from around the world to call on the Chinese government to discontinue the cruel activity carried every year. The Chinas Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying lately explained that the Yulin government has nothing to do with the festival (Hong 2017). The event is locally carried by the people from June 21st every year. The question here is regarding the ethic as well as the legal status of the festival. Selling dog meat in China is legal in mainland China. This festival is a way to make money in the poor region Of China. The reason behind condemnation of this festival is due to the cruel treatment of the animal. There is no law in China that bans the eating of dogs. This proposes that the disagreement over the Yulin occurrence is solely moral and not legal. The reason behind the concern is only due to the campaign followed by the dog lovers around the world. The country does not have any legal dog farms, nor does it have any legal dog slaughter houses (Senarath 2015). Hence it is unclear from where does the Yulin festival dogs come from. There is a big question regarding the status. There is still a necessity to probe into the matter by generating awareness among the people and the local authority. The festival is completely fatal on every ground, not only for the people but for the community. It puts a big question on the local authorities and generates a necessity of moral policing in order to reduce the amount of damage caused (Dervin and Machart 2017). Recommendations Though, the local government has banned the festival in the year 2017 and has taken strict measures to reduce the overall impact caused due to the festival. There is a necessity to take strict measures not only at the government level but by the people in order to reduce the amount of damage. Cruelty at Yulin is the result of the inadequate animal law. There is a necessity to develop a concrete law in order to avoid Yulin festival. There is a necessity to create awareness by tracking responsibility. It is more important in the current scenario that the government authority should take action against such activities taking place in the surrounding. Most of the citizen in China needs to support the change by joining hand. There is a necessity to work at the grassroots level by reporting such incidence to local authority. Animal cruelty is prevalent in China and there is a necessity to educate people in a healthy way so that they can get understand the value of environment. Ethical and social awareness is important in the current scenario. The current situation can only be controlled if people support the measure in an effective way. It is important to educate the next generation so that they condemn such activities. The amount of torture these animals faces is beyond ones imagination. The festival is banned due to the effort that the ban has taken place with effect from June 15 and will last until June 22. But it is important to keep a check so that these activities are banned permanently from the surroundings. The key responsibility is to manage the evil in the society I the name of ritual. This has bec9me important in the recent time and will help in setting example for the rest of the world. Conclusion To conclude, the report includes the idea behind the unethical activity taking place in China- The Yulin festival. The idea behind the foundation whether the festival is related to the cultural relativism is being discussed. The idea with the intention of ethical viewpoint is related to the culture and there is no universal ethical system. Ethical viewpoint are different in every country but it is of great importance that such incidence in surrounding need to be highlighted. The ethical beliefs and principles are indivisible from the culture they come. The report focus on the ethical and moral issues related to the festival and brings the attention of people around the world to the gruesome reality. The worldwide media coverage is increasing the concern around the world and bringing the attention of worldwide welfare organization in order to bring a positive change. There is a necessity to incorporate changes for the betterment of the society. Reference List Baggini,J.2015. Is it OK to eat dogs?. Online. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/22/eat-cats-dogs-meat-china Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Dervin, F. and Machart, R. eds., 2017.Intercultural Communication with China: Beyond (Reverse) Essentialism and Culturalism?. Springer. Dervin, F. and Machart, R. eds., 2017.Intercultural Communication with China: Beyond (Reverse) Essentialism and Culturalism?. Springer. Ethic Center. 2016. Yulin dog meat festival: when can we criticize different cultures? Online. Available at: https://www.ethics.org.au/on-ethics/blog/june-2016/yulin-dog-festival Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Guo, L., 2015.An emerging social movement in China: frames and activists in dog-rescue actions(Doctoral dissertation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University). Henderson, E.2016. Yulin Dog Meat Festival 2016: 10,000 dogs to be killed and eaten at China's annual food event. Online. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/yulin-dog-meat-festival-2016-10000-dogs-set-to-be-killed-and-eaten-at-chinese-food-event-a7093321.html Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Hong, C., 2017. The Plight of Dogs in the Country-City Gap: Reading Chinese Dog Narratives across Genres.Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies,43(1), pp.97-117. Hong, C., 2017. The Plight of Dogs in the Country-City Gap: Reading Chinese Dog Narratives across Genres.Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies,43(1), pp.97-117. Koetse, M. 2016. Tradition or Abuse? Chinese Views on the Yulin Dog Meat Festival. Online. Available at: https://www.whatsonweibo.com/tradition-abuse-chinese-views-yulin-dog-meat-festival/ Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Li, P.J., 2016. Inside Yulin Dog Meat Festival: The Silence of Dogs Awaiting Slaughter is Thundering. Linshi,J.2016. 6 Things You Need to Know About China's Dog-Eating Yulin Festival. Online. Available at: https://time.com/2891222/yullin-festival-dog-meat-china/ Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Milburn, J., 2016. The animal lovers paradox? On the ethics of pet food. Petkar,S.2017. Dog meat sales BANNED at Chinas Yulin festival in effort to end mass canine slaughter. Online. Available at: https://www.express.co.uk/news/nature/805861/china-yulin-dog-meat-festival-dog-meat-sales-banned-canine-slaughter Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Pettier, J.B., 2016. Who is the Weak?. Piazza, J.2015. Why are we outraged about eating dog, but not bacon? Online. Available at: https://theconversation.com/why-are-we-outraged-about-eating-dog-but-not-bacon-43796 Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Plant based news, 2017. Dog Meat Sales Banned at Chinas Yulin festival in Milestone Victory to End Brutal Mass Slaughter of Dogs. Online. Available at: https://www.plantbasednews.org/post/breaking-dog-meat-sales-banned-at-chinas-yulin-festival-in-milestone-victory-to-end-brutal-mass-slaughter-of-dogs Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Senarath, S.M., 2015, October. Chinese Foods as a Brand Image: A Socio-communication Study of the Country Image of Chinese Foods among Urban Communities in Sri Lanka. InConference on Chinese Food Culture(p. 393). Smith, S.2016. Yulin Dog Meat Festival Proceeds Despite Outcry. Online. Available at: https://www.care2.com/causes/yulin-dog-meat-festival-proceeds-despite-outcry.html Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Sudworth,J.2014. Chinese dog-meat dilemma: to eat or not to eat? Online. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-china-blog-27952543 Accessed on: 13 June 2017 Worley,W. 2016. Yulin Dog Meat Festival 2016: 11 million sign petition against annual event that slaughters thousands of animals. Online. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/yulin-dog-meat-festival-ban-petition-11-million-sign-slaughters-thousands-animals-china-a7081521.html Accessed on: 13 June 2017

What are Cultural Differences in Management

Introduction Cultural differences in management are examined by business administrators, psychologists, and even anthropologists. This report is aimed at examining several questions that are related to this topic. In particular, it is necessary to provide a definition of cross-cultural management. Furthermore, one should provide examples that can illustrate the cultural peculiarities of management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on What are Cultural Differences in Management? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, one should focus on such aspects as the behavior of employees, leadership style, and interactions between people who represent various levels of the workplace hierarchy. Much attention should be paid to the strategies that can help managers to work in a multicultural environment. Overall, business administrators should remember about cultural differences in people’s values, worldviews, or attitudes toward work, risk, achievement and so forth. This knowledge can be derived from various psychological studies. Yet, they should remember that conventional classifications of cultures are not always relevant because individual and cultural values are not necessarily similar. The origins and definition of cultural management The importance of cultural peculiarities began to attract the attention of managers at the time when many American and European companies moved to developing countries. Business administrators understood that many of the conventional techniques could be applied to different business cultures. For example, one can speak about the challenges that American businesses faced in India (Gopalan Stahl 1998, p. 30). These problems gave rise to the development of such a discipline as cross-cultural management. This notion can be defined as the method which enables the management to incorporate the representatives of different cultures in the organization (Thomas 2008). Moreover, this discipline helps managers make sure that cultural differences do not impair the performance of a business. Cultural differences in management Initially, the researchers attempted to construct a model of universal values that can appeal to people who can represent various cultures (Schwartz 1994). For example, Shalom Schwartz (1994) introduces such a model which is based on the empirical findings.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, some authors advocate the idea of creating a global culture in which employees, who have various ethnic or national backgrounds, are accustomed to working with one another (Levy, Taylor, Boyacigiller 2010). Furthermore, researchers speak about the need to maintain the corporate culture which enabled an organization to achieve success (Levy, Taylor, Boyacigiller 2010). The main limitation of this approach is that it d oes not help managers predict the potential difficulties related to cultural differences. This is why modern researchers attempt to construct an alternative approach to this issue. Overall, scholars believe that it is necessary to distinguish various elements of culture, namely values, rituals, or symbols (Kandola 2008, p. 37). These are the main aspects that researchers focus on. In turn, business administrators should understand how these differences in values or attitudes manifest themselves in the workplace (Jackson 2011). The explanations of cultural differences in management closely are based on the model developed by Geert Hofstede (1993). This model implies that there are certain dimensions which characterize a culture. For instance, one can mention uncertainty avoidance, power distance, individualism, or masculinity (Hofstede 1993). In turn, they shape cultural differences in management. For example, in Western companies, managers and employees are more likely to accept ris ks; yet, this behavior is not always displayed by people working in Chinese companies (Hofstede, 1993, p. 90). This issue should be taken into account by people working in companies in which different cultures are represented. For instance, they should remember that some of their initiatives may not be readily supported by their colleagues, but it does not mean that these initiatives are flawed (Hofstede, 1993, p. 90). Moreover, one can speak about power distance. For example, in the United Kingdom, people, who represent various levels in the workplace hierarch, are more likely to treat one another as equals. In contrast, in South Korea, executives and subordinates are more likely to recognize the differences in their position or status. Thus, business administrators should consider these differences in order to avoid such pitfalls as rudeness. Overall, Hofstede’s theory is based on empirical observations, but in the course of several decades, this approach has been modified several times.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on What are Cultural Differences in Management? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many empirical studies that are aimed at examining the impact of cultural dimensions of management. For instance, business administrators, who come from Western countries, should know that risk-taking in Asian organizations is not always tolerated (Kreiser, Marino, Dickson 2010, p. 978). These studies incorporate the data collected in different business environments. Therefore, managers, who come from American or European companies, should not expect that their subordinates will be willing to take independent steps (Kreiser, Marino, Dickson 2010). This is why these distinctions should not be overlooked. Moreover, managers should take into account that people, who represent different cultures, have different humor styles (Kalliny, Cruthirds, Minor 2006). In many cases, manager s rely on jokes to motivate employees. Yet, some of the jokes can be misunderstood; furthermore, they can be offensive. Additionally, much attention should be paid to leadership qualities. William Judge (2001) believes that leadership strategies differ dramatically across cultures. The comparison of American and Taiwanese CEOs indicates that these professionals have different attitudes toward their professional and personal lives. For example, American CEOs attach importance to achievement and self-of respect, while their Taiwanese counterparts attach more importance to equality, wisdom, and pleasure (Judge 2001, p. 69). This comparison is derived from self-reports of corporate executives. Thus, managers and employees should bear in mind that these executives can set different expectations for their subordinates. Moreover, it is important to remember about the differences in communication styles. In Western business cultures, people are willing to start the most problematic issues a s soon as possible (‘Indirect communication’, 2001). Such behavior can be observed among many managers and employees. In contrast, in China and other Asian countries, one should first start with an indirect question and then proceed to specific tasks (‘Indirect communication’, 2001). Therefore, managers should change the way in which they interact with their colleagues or subordinates.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, such studies are primarily based on the experiences of separate business administrators, but such arguments should not be generalized. This is one of the limitations that should be overlooked because it can diminish the validity of research. Apart from that, managers should take into account that employees from various countries respond to stressors in different ways (Dbaibo Harb 2010, p. 19). For example, Lebanese employees are not likely to experience stress if they see that their values do not coincide with the values of their co-workers (Dbaibo Harb 2010). In turn, managers should try to emulate the behavior of these people. For instance, they should attach importance to communication style and etiquette. This is one of the suggestions that can be of some use to managers. While discussing the cultural differences in management, researchers focus on various aspects. For example, Joyce Osland and Allan Bird focus on the need to re-evaluate the validity of cultural stereotyping (2000, p. 65). In particular, these researchers critique the validity of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and provide examples contradict this theory. For instance, they mention that Japanese managers can take risky decisions, even despite their alleged uncertainty avoidance (Osland Bird 2000, p. 65). Thus, one should pay more attention to the context in which a specific behavior is displayed. One should not suppose that individuals always follow cultural patterns of behavior. Although the scholars do not conduct an empirical study, they provide many valuable observations regarding cross-cultural differences and stereotypes. Moreover, business administrators should keep in mind that cultures are not homogeneous (McSweeney 2002, p. 113). The behavior of employees strongly depends on their age or gender (McSweeney 2002, p. 113). Therefore, one should not suppose that conventional classifications of different business cultures are always accurate. Admittedly, there i s a significant overlap between personal and cultural values (Fischer Poortinga 2012, p. 167). Yet, one should not forget that cultures can evolve with time passing. This is one of the main issues that can be distinguished since it is critical for avoiding various pitfalls such as stereotyping. Discussion Overall, each of the articles can throw light on the peculiarities of cultural differences in management. It is possible to identify three approaches. One of them is premised on the idea that a management can create a universal business culture that can be shared by every employee. The second framework implies that there are cultural dimensions which can be accurately measured. Thus, it is possible to predict the behavior of people and minimize the risk of misunderstanding. In turn, many authors suggest that cultural and personal values may not be similar. Such researchers do not overlook the findings of anthropologists or psychologists who show that there are certain values or at titudes which are typical of a certain culture. However, they almost set stress on such variables as age, sex, or linguistic competence of employees. They advocate such policies as on-site cultural training of expatriates, critical evaluation of stereotypes about various countries, or the use of empirical studies related to various business cultures (Osland Bird 2000). Moreover, managers should reflect on the impact of context on the behavior of a person. This approach can help a business to develop the most effective approaches to cross-cultural management. Conclusion Overall, the examples discussed in this paper shows that the work of managers is strongly shaped by cultural environment of a country. These differences can be explained to people’s attitudes toward risk, power distance, uncertainty, and other factors. Moreover, managers should pay attention to people’s perception of stress and the things that motivate them. Yet, they should also remember that cultures are not static, and individual behavior may not be consistent with the dominant stereotypes about a culture. Such stereotypes can also be dangerous because they can prevent managers from understanding the behavior of employees. These are the main issues that should be taken into account. References Dbaibo, D Harb, C 2010, ‘Values and Justice as Predictors of Perceived Stress in Lebanese Organisational Settings’, Applied Psychology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1-19. Fischer, R Poortinga, Y 2012, ‘Are cultural values the same as the values of individuals? An examination of similarities in personal, social, and cultural value structures’, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 157-170. Gopalan, S Stahl, A 1998, ‘Application of American Management Theories and Practices to the Indian Business Environment: Understanding the Impact of National Culture’, American Business Review, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 30-41. Hofstede, G 1993 ‘Cultural constraints in management theories’, Academy of Management Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. Jackson, T 2011, ‘Journal of Organizational Change Management Emerald Article: From cultural values to cross-cultural interfaces: Hofstede goes to Africa’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 532-558. Judge, W 2001, ‘Is a Leader’s Character Culture-Bound or Culture-Free? An Empirical Comparison of the Character Traits of American and Taiwanese CEOs’, Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 65-80. ‘Indirect communication and indirect leadership in Asia’ 2001, GlobThink, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-4. Levy, O, Taylor, S Boyacigiller, N 2010, Global expansion dilutes winning corporate Cultures, http://www.financialpost.com/Global+expansion+dilutes+winning+corporate+cultures/3459637/story.html. Kalliny, M, Cruthirds, K, Minor, M 2006, ‘Differences between American, Egyp tian and Lebanese Humor Styles Implications for International Management’, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 121-134. Kandola, B 2008, â€Å"Understanding cultural differences in global organizations’, Cultural Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 37-38. Kreiser, P, Marino, L, Dickson, P 2010, ‘Cultural Influences on Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Impact of National Culture on Risk Taking and Proactiveness in SMEs’, ETP, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 959-983. McSweeney, B 2002, ‘Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: Atriumph of faith – a failure of analysis’, Human Relations, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 89-118. Osland, J Bird, A 2000, ‘Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sense-making in context’, Academy of Management Executives, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 65-77. Schwartz, S 1994, ‘Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values? ’, Journal of Social Issues, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 19-45. Thomas, D 2008, Cross-Cultural Management: Essential Concepts, SAGE Publications, New York. This report on What are Cultural Differences in Management? was written and submitted by user DeaconFrost to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Prosody and the Music of Speech

Prosody and the Music of Speech In phonetics, prosody (or suprasegmental phonology)  is  the use of pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm in speech to convey information about the structure and meaning of an utterance. Alternatively, in literary studies prosody is the theory and principles of versification, especially in reference to rhythm, accent and stanza. In speech as opposed to composition, there are no full stops or capital letters, no grammatical ways in which to add emphasis as in writing. Instead, speakers utilize prosody to add inflection and depth to statements and arguments, altering stress, pitch, loudness and tempo, which can then be translated into writing to achieve the same effect. Further, prosody does not rely on the sentence as a basic unit, unlike in composition, often utilizing fragments and spontaneous pauses between thoughts and ideas for emphasis. This allows more versatility of language dependent on stress and intonation. Functions of Prosody Unlike morphemes and phonemes in composition, features of prosody cannot be assigned meaning based on their use alone, rather based on usage and contextual factors to ascribe meaning to the particular utterance. Rebecca L. Damron notes in Prosodic Schemas that recent work in the field take into consideration such aspects of interaction as how prosody can signal speakers intentions in the discourse, rather than relying solely on semantics and the phrasing itself. The interplay between grammar and other situational factors, Damron posits, are intimately connected with pitch and tone, and called for a move away from describing and analyzing prosodic features as discrete units. As a result, prosody can be utilized in a number of ways, including segmentation, phrasing, stress, accentuation and phonological distinctions in tone languages - as Christophe dAlessandro puts it in Voice Source Parameters and Prosodic Analysis, a given sentence in a given context generally expresses much more than its linguistic content wherein the same sentence, with the same linguistic content may have plenty of different expressive contents or pragmatic meanings. What Determines Prosody The determining factors of these expressive contents are what help define the context and meaning of any given prosody. According to dAlessandro these include the identity of the speaker, her/his attitude, mood, ages, sex, sociolinguistic group and other extralinguistic features.   Pragmatic meaning, too, help determine the prosodys intended purpose, including the attitudes of both the speaker and audience - ranging from aggressive to submissive - as well as the relationship between the speaker and the subject matter - his or her belief, confidence or assertiveness in the field. Pitch is a great way to also determine meaning, or at least be able to ascertain the beginnings and endings of thought. David Crystal describes the relationship in Rediscover Grammar wherein he states we know whether [the thought] is complete or not by the pitch of the voice. If the pitch is rising ... there are more items to come. If it is falling ... there is nothing further to come. In any way you use it, prosody is pivotal to successful public speaking, allowing the speaker to convey a broad range of meaning in as few words as possible, relying instead on context and cues to the audience in their speech patterns.

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S.

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S. If youve ever thought about changing professions to become an ESL teacher, now is the time. Increasing demand for ESL teachers has created a multitude of ESL job opportunities in the US. These ESL jobs are being offered by states which are offering a number of job training opportunities for those not already qualified to teach ESL. There are two principle types of ESL jobs that are in demand; positions which require bilingual teachers (Spanish and English) to teach bilingual classes, and ESL positions for English-only classes for speakers who have a limited ability in English (LEP: limited English proficiency). Recently, the industry has moved away from speaking about ESL and has turned to ELL (English language learners) as the preferred acronym.   ESL Job Demand Facts Here are some statistics that point to the great need: According to the  National Center for Education Statistcs, In school year, 27 percent of all schools with bilingual/ESL teaching vacancies found them very difficult or impossible to fill, more than for many other teaching fields. Since this report, the number of ESL job vacancies has grown rapidly.From the same report: As the number of children with difficulty speaking English has increased (from 1.25 million in 1979 to 2.44 million in 1995), so has the burden on school systems to recruit teachers with the skills necessary to teach these classes. The difficulty schools have in filling such positions is one indication of whether the supply of bilingual and ESL teachers is adequate to meet the demand.The number of LEP speakers grew 104.7%, from 2,154,781 in 1989 to 4,416,580 in 2000 according to a survey performed by the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. Now for the good news: As a means of meeting the ESL job demand a number of special programs have been implemented around the United States for non-certified teachers. These programs provide an excellent means for teachers who have not taught in the State education system to take advantage of these opportunities. Even more exciting, it provides an opportunity for those from a wide variety of backgrounds to become ESL teachers. Some of these even provide a financial bonus (for example a bonus of up to $20,000 in Massachusetts) for joining their programs! Teachers are needed throughout the country, but principally in large urban centers with high immigrant populations.   Education Required In the U.S., the minimum requirement for programs is a bachelors degree and some sort of ESL qualification. Depending on the school, the qualification required might be as simple as a months certificate such as the CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). The CELTA is accepted around the world. However, there are other institutions that provide training online and in weekend courses. If youd like to teach in a community college or at a university, youll need at least a masters degree preferably with a specialization with ESL.   For those who would like to teach in public schools (where demand is growing), states require additional certification with different requirements for each state. Its best to look into the certification requirements in the state in which you would like to work.   Business English or English for Special Purposes teachers are in high demand outside of the country and are often hired by individual firms to teach staff.  Unfortunately, in the United States, private companies rarely hire in-house teachers.   Pay Despite the need for quality ESL programs, pay remains rather low except at larger accredited institutions such as universities. You can find out about average salaries in each state. Generally speaking, universities pay best followed by public school programs. Private institutions can vary widely from near minimum-wage to much better-paid positions.   To meet the growing demand for ESL teachers, a number of websites have created invaluable resources for the recruitment of teachers. This guide provides some tips on becoming an ESL teacher. Other opportunities are open to those who are in mid-career  or do not have the exact teacher certification required by any individual state for ESL jobs in the public school system. For more information on teaching ESL in the United States, TESOL is the leading association and provides a great deal of information.

Define, Describe, Compare, and Contrast a Nurse Practitioner and a Research Paper

Define, Describe, Compare, and Contrast a Nurse Practitioner and a Clinical Nurse Specialist - Research Paper Example Nurse practitioners can work independently of a doctor, and can practice in various settings such as family practice, women’s health, school health, primary care, pediatrics, emergency, geriatrics, cardiology, neonatology, nephrology, and oncology (Mirr & Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2010). A clinical nurse specialist is also engaged in advanced nursing, but she specializes on a specific course to lay focus on a specific population complementing the course of study. A clinical nurse specialist can focus on a certain field, such as post-anesthesia care or certain diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and pediatrics among others. The nurse can also specialize in working in a specific environment such as an emergence room, a recovery room, an operating room, or a general ward. A clinical nurse specialist also focuses on clinical practice, research, consulting, teaching, and management. While a nurse practitioner usually has good decision-making skills, a clinical nurse specialist is more assessment-oriented and has good assessment skills (Fulton et al, 2010). The two types of nurses always rank at the top in nursing field because they practice advanced nursing. The two are quite similar in qualifications and the environments they work in, and in some countries like Canada, it is quite hard to compare and contrast. Even though the two are quite similar, there are some differences. The two can be compared and contrasted in terms of education, job roles, practice setting and medical practice. Both positions require master’s degree as a minimal qualification. They attain almost similar qualifications and schooling for a similar duration. However, a nurse practitioner must complete and pass a certificate program after the master’s degree to be able to study different fields of medicine. The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners together with the licensing body, the American Nurses Credentialing Center, usually provides this certificate

Why I want to be a police after I graduate Lincoln College Essay

Why I want to be a police after I graduate Lincoln College - Essay Example helping the community that the officers belong to. Of course a person can also help their community by becoming a social worker or a scientist but I feel that the input made by these individuals is more evident on the bigger picture. Individuals and groups on a smaller scale have to be in direct government functionaries and the front line for maintaining law and order in a society has always been the civil police of the country. This ability to have direct contact with people and having a broad level of authority to help those in need makes a police officer much more useful than a scientist since a scientist may never get to see the eventual effect of his/her invention or discovery in their lifetime. A police officer who stops a crime in progress or catches a criminal can immediately see the effect on society even if it is one person at a time. Since police work and the police force are controlled by the government, most of the information regarding a career in the police comes from government sources and related websites. Perhaps the best source of information about working in the police comes from the U.S. Department of Labor (2006) which has extensive information about the earnings, nature of the work, working conditions, required training and job outlook for this profession. It would appear that the nature of police work is similar across the globe since consistent topics and information was found on London’s Metropolitan Police website (2002) regarding the work performed by the police and the outlook of the chosen career. The research also shows that police work is not limited to the cities since state and federal police have their own jurisdictions and spheres of operations. The U.S. marshal’s website (2006) for example, lists the broad focus that marshals have had as the oldest law enforcement agency for protecting the law in America. Similarly, the U.S. Secret Service website (2002) and the U.S.

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Social Media Essay Example for Free

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Using Social Media Essay The advantages: Based on my own experiences, there are several advantages for marketers to use social media as part of their marketing communications strategies. Social media represent a revolutionary new trend in communication. More and more people begin to use social media to communicate. It is freer, more convenient, faster and cheaper than the old ways, people also can get more information what they want, what is more, people can get in touch with their friend easier. For the company, it can face to their target market precisely. Social media hold a great deal of customers’ information, through the information that people share, company can easily know customers’ hobbits and the goods they like. Social media also increase the communication between customers and marketers. Company can get lots of users’ feedback information and use that information to improve their product. It also help the organization leave a good impression in customers’ minds. One of the most important things is that social media not only can help companies advertising well but also nearly have no costs. What social media bring for the company cannot be measured but the cost of it is really low. It lowers the company’s advertisement costs. Read more:  Essay on advantages and disadvantages of social media Disadvantages: Based on my own experience, the disadvantages or risks for marketers in using social media as part of their marketing communications strategy are as follows. Company’s web page can be attacked by hackers and viruses; it may lose company’s important information, company may lose their competitive advantages. Customers can be deceived by the false information online and the extra information may let them get annoyed. The negative comments may damage companies’ image. The use of the internet may cause the reduction of production efficiency, because employees may busy use the internet to solve the problem online or update their software so that waste times. Company should learn how to handle a social media and that may waste company’s time. Because the social media is not a â€Å"face to face† communication, so it can have many incredible situations, the information may be not real, the likelihood of people been fooled are greatly increased.

Gender Inequality and the Human Future :: Equality Feminist Feminism Essays

Gender Inequality and the Human Future On Tuesday March 26th, Allan Johnson gave a lecture, "Unraveling the Gender Knot: Communities, Nature, and the Human Future." Johnson describes himself as being neither pessimistic or optimistic on the subject of the human future on the earth. He mentioned a quote, "We are of no more value than the simplest bacteria" and said that other species will not miss us when and if we’re gone. He attributes this to the general human disregard for the environment. This disregard has some relationship to gender inequality which stems from the patriarchal qualities of our society, since nature is viewed as feminine and as something that men can control. Johnson says that there are four characteristics of patriarchy that are embedded in the social fabric of our society as well as in that of many other societies. The first characteristic is that there is a male dominated social system. This does not mean that all men are powerful or that all women are powerless but rather that where someone has power it tends to be a male. The second characteristic of patriarchy is that such a society is organized around an obsession for control, which is used to elevate men. Johnson mentioned a belief that was widespread during the 19th century even throughout prestigious colleges. This belief was that women should not attend college because doing so would result in the diversion of blood from uterine function and cause them to run a muck. The third characteristic is that patriarchies are male identified. This means that male experience is taken as the experience for human beings. Some examples of this that Johnson mentioned are the word mankind and the use of the word guys when referring to a group that includes women. Members of many societies prefer to have male children, mostly for economic reasons. In India, amniocentesis is used to select males, since they have greater earning potential and do not result in the paying of a dowry. In China, there are "millions of missing girls in the age pyramid." Although male preference isn’t as extreme in the United States, it does exist. This is demonstrated by what Johnson mentioned about unmarried couples being twice as likely to keep a baby if it is a male. The fourth characteristic of patriarchies is that they are male centered which is evident from the movies that Hollywood produces. Johnson says that "the path of least resistance is to pay attention to what males do. Gender Inequality and the Human Future :: Equality Feminist Feminism Essays Gender Inequality and the Human Future On Tuesday March 26th, Allan Johnson gave a lecture, "Unraveling the Gender Knot: Communities, Nature, and the Human Future." Johnson describes himself as being neither pessimistic or optimistic on the subject of the human future on the earth. He mentioned a quote, "We are of no more value than the simplest bacteria" and said that other species will not miss us when and if we’re gone. He attributes this to the general human disregard for the environment. This disregard has some relationship to gender inequality which stems from the patriarchal qualities of our society, since nature is viewed as feminine and as something that men can control. Johnson says that there are four characteristics of patriarchy that are embedded in the social fabric of our society as well as in that of many other societies. The first characteristic is that there is a male dominated social system. This does not mean that all men are powerful or that all women are powerless but rather that where someone has power it tends to be a male. The second characteristic of patriarchy is that such a society is organized around an obsession for control, which is used to elevate men. Johnson mentioned a belief that was widespread during the 19th century even throughout prestigious colleges. This belief was that women should not attend college because doing so would result in the diversion of blood from uterine function and cause them to run a muck. The third characteristic is that patriarchies are male identified. This means that male experience is taken as the experience for human beings. Some examples of this that Johnson mentioned are the word mankind and the use of the word guys when referring to a group that includes women. Members of many societies prefer to have male children, mostly for economic reasons. In India, amniocentesis is used to select males, since they have greater earning potential and do not result in the paying of a dowry. In China, there are "millions of missing girls in the age pyramid." Although male preference isn’t as extreme in the United States, it does exist. This is demonstrated by what Johnson mentioned about unmarried couples being twice as likely to keep a baby if it is a male. The fourth characteristic of patriarchies is that they are male centered which is evident from the movies that Hollywood produces. Johnson says that "the path of least resistance is to pay attention to what males do.

Project Closures Essay

Everything with a beginning must have an end and a project is not quite complete until the closing stage is considered successful. (Sanghera, P.2009 p.223) Scenario one: Closing a project that has met its objective This scenario delights the project manager and his or her team as it is the ideal end to any project. It involves closing all activities related to the project both the within and without. Here the project manager (PM) meets with the stakeholders to gain their final approval of the project, ascertain that the deliverable meets the completion standards, conclude contract arrangements with vendors, transfer responsibility of project output to other people, release people and other resources, and document lessons learned. (Sunny & Baker pp330-331). Scenario two: Closing a project that was terminated early In this scenario a project can be terminated for a number of reasons. From the discussion question we saw that a project can be adjudged to have failed, if it cannot meet up objective, expected to fail or are no longer in line with the objective of the company can be terminated. Bommer & Pease, 1991further provided reasons like paucity of funding, technological obsolescence, changes in consumer trends, mergers and acquisitions loss of the champion and negative cost/benefit ratio. However whatever might have being the underlying cause of the termination of a project, it is still very important that the project is closed formally. In that regard, there is no difference between closing a project that has met its objectives and a project that was terminated early in its life. Both scenarios must undergo the close project process and the close procurement process. But the following differences can be observed: (1)In the first scenario there is a tangible project deliverable that can be transferred to other people, it may serve as inputs to another project. While in the second scenario there may be no tangible deliverable. (2) The emotional currents observed in both scenarios are quite different, in the first scenario the PM and everyone associated with the project are elated and feels fulfilled, leading to more latent energy for future projects and commitment to the organisation. In the second case, negative emotions may be generated which can be counterproductive to future projects and the organisation. This situation can arise when senior management arbitrarily cancels a project without carrying the team along. Administrative closure This is the process of formally bringing to an end all project activities. It relates to the closing process group and the integration management knowledge area. (Sanghera 2010 p377) The accepted project deliverable after its verification is compared with the project management plan and other closure guidelines and procedures before it is handed over to the customer. This action is necessary for both scenarios one and two. Contract closure This occurs when the terms of the contract have been reached or when there is a termination before the terms can be reached. The latter case usually involves compensation. In multi-phased projects contract closure can occur more than once while administrative closure occurs only once. The acceptance of the deliverable takes place during the administrative closure. Conclusion Administrative closure and contract closure both occur in closing a project that has met its objective and one that is terminated early. In the latter case care should be taken to carry the team members along in the process of project termination in order to boost their morale and productivity for future projects.

Self-storage began in America Essay

The Shurgard concept of self-storage began in America in 1970 when cofounder of the company Chuck Barbo identified a gap in the market for both homeowners and businesses with a requirement for extra space. He came up with the notion of mini-warehouses for people with excess belongings and businesses with long forgotten records or documents. Twenty years later Shurgard began to expand into Europe and in 1995 the first European store opened in Brussels. Four years later the first UK store opened in South London and earlier this year the company was bought for $5bn by Public Storage, the world’s largest owner and operator of self-storage facilities. The challenge The growth and success of Shurgard in Europe meant that increasing demands and expectations were being placed on the company’s operations middle managers who were wrestling with a growing number of stores, an ever-larger geographic area of responsibility, increased numbers of employees, decentralisation of country and panEuropean support centres, greater autonomy and reorganisation of roles. Terry Whitney, European Learning and Development Manager of Shurgard SelfStorage Centers, said: â€Å"The business of self-storage was very different in Europe than it was in the US and there were different points of maturity in the market so there were many challenges to face. Most of our attention was focussed on buying property and building new facilities. Suddenly we realised we had a management team that was bright and hard working but had suffered from a lack of development focus.† â€Å"The best result of our partnership with SHL is that the district managers are now motivated because they know what is expected of them, how they will be held accountable and have focused training and development in place. Importantly, they also know what success looks like.† Terry Whitney, Shurgard shl.com Case Study | Shurgard Typical of many fast growing companies, Shurgard realised that it had no consistency of job titles, roles or responsibilities and no standardised job descriptions or job competencies for its staff. In addition there was no formal evaluation, training or development and no succession planning. What Shurgard wanted to create was a consistent layer of district managers across Europe. Some people already had this title but their job seemed little different to a market manager, operations manager or area manager. â€Å"We were promoting great operations people from store managers to more senior job titles with responsibility for profit and loss accounts for specific districts. We also wanted them to lead, inspire and motivate and the more senior roles had a completely different set of skills requirements which we had not measured or trained for,† said Whitney. District managers were identified as the operations critical layer with which to start work. Shurgard felt that if these people could not understand and accurately report on key occupancy and rates figures for stores, then shareholders would not have the confidence to invest money for expansion and more storage sites. The solution This client places people development high on its list of organizational priorities. With an agreed name for the role, the company needed to align the title with expectations and competencies that could be used across Europe and which would accommodate future growth of new stores. The people had to more effectively lead and manage an ever larger number of store personnel at a time of reduced centralised support. They were also required to operate at a higher managerial level than had previously been demanded. Faced with this challenge, Shurgard partnered with SHL – global experts in workplace assessment – to conduct a performance assessment of the mid-management team in Europe. The programme was designed to: †¢ Establish a benchmark of current managerial talents †¢ Undertake a gap analysis to determine the strengths and limitation of the management team against the new job competencies †¢ Recommend how the current managerial team could achieve the new expectations for the district manager role †¢ Assess the leadership potential of the current team †¢ Identify the ideal profile of a district manager for use in future recruitment. Supporting more than 10,000 customers every year Organisations that understand and maximize their people’s potential achieve outstanding results. SHL gives you the insights to make better decisions about your people. We call this People Intelligence, Business Results. â€Å"With SHL’s Universal competency Framework cards, we were able to define the critical behaviours required for the district managers role†, comments Whitney â€Å"This competency model was the hub around which SHL was able to design an appropriate development centre programme.† Individuals were invited to a one-day assessment at an SHL diagnostic development centre in order to see how they fitted the need and behavioural competencies of the district manager role. The assessment included exercises aligned to specific competencies, psychometric tests in local languages, management scenario role-play and numerical, verbal and abstract reasoning tests. Each attendee received feedback from a senior SHL assessor who took them through their results and talked about their development needs. The Results As a result of the assessment, Shurgard found that its mid-management team had a wide spectrum of skills and abilities but also specific patterns of managerial strengths and weaknesses. Recognising these areas enabled the company to target the appropriate training and development to address specific competencies and behaviours. â€Å"Shurgard really learned the critical importance of aligning the district manager job description, job competencies, hiring profile, training activities and performance management processes to create improved motivation and performance,† said Whitney. He added that using the competencies created by SHL also changed the recruitment and promotion process. New recruits are now given competency-based interviews focused on certain experiences whilst promotions are no longer based on length of service and performance alone but on potential against the required competencies. â€Å"For me it’s the competencies – everything ties back to them,† said Whitney. And he adds: â€Å"The best result of our partnership with SHL is that the district managers are now motivated because they know what is expected of them, how they will be held accountable and have focused training and development in place. Importantly, they also know what success looks like.† Case Study | Shurgard Shurgard’s need to focus on developing its managers was being hampered by a lack of consistency in job titles, roles, responsibilities and competencies for its staff. SHL worked with the firm to assess its midmanagement team in Europe and identify the ideal profile for district managers. Shurgard is now able to target management development and recruit more effectively for improved motivation and performance 25 million assessments every year. Organisations that understand and maximize their people’s potential achieve outstanding results. SHL gives you the insights to make better decisions about your people. We call this People Intelligence, Business Results.

Dynasties of China essays

Dynasties of China essays Religion and philosophy embraced in 550 BC and continued to play an important role in China. Confucianism is the accepted philosophy of China 2000 years later. Daoism, Naturalism, and Buddhism are part of Chinese beliefs and customs. These philosophies are at the very core of Chinese life and society. During the Qin Dynasty China was ruled by Legalism. The Great Wall was built by the forced obedience of all the people for the emperor. The people of China were treated poorly and the advancement was not achieved do to the philosophy inacted. However, during the Han Dynasty they thought the government should be to serve the people and legalism lost support and the Han Dynasty replaced it with Confucianism. There were dramatic cultural and scientific advances during the Han Dynasty. Poetry was written and the first Chinese dictionary was compiled. Chinese history was written and modeled for the late historians. Inventions of the sundials, water clocks, water mills and the first seismograph advanced the society. Paper was invented during this dynasty. Steel was being a produced as well as farming tools . Irrigation systems were developed and new inventions of spinning, weaving, and dying silk were invented. After the collapse of the Han Dynasty came 359 years of disunity. Many people migrated to the south and contributed to its development. As a result there were major improvements in the cultivation of rice. Buddhism was introduced to China from merchants and missionaries. Buddhism was a calming force during this period of upheaval. Buddhism inspired many artists to create works of art. The Sui Dynasty followed this period of difficulty. Wendi united the North and the South of China into the empire. He stated the great building program. An entire empire was rebuilt and became a model for other cities. Canal systems were built that linked rice region that provided food during famine. However, the Sui Dy ...

The Global Impacts of the Black Death

The Global Impacts of the Black Death The Black Death was one of the worst pandemics in human history. In the 14th century, at least 75 million people on three continents perished due to the painful, highly contagious disease. Originating from fleas on rodents in China, the â€Å"Great Pestilence† spread westward and spared few regions. In Europe’s cities, hundreds died daily and their bodies were usually thrown into mass graves. The plague devastated towns, rural communities, families, and religious institutions. Following centuries of a rise in population, the world’s population experienced a catastrophic reduction and would not be replenished for more than one hundred years. Origins and Path of the Black Death Silk Road Science of the Black Death Types and Symptoms of the Plague Death Toll Estimates of the Black Death Unexpected Economic Benefit of the Black Death Cultural and Social Beliefs and Changes of the Black Death Jews Protestantism Scourge Spread Across the World The Black Death of the 14th century was a tremendous interrupter of worldwide population growth. The bubonic plague still exists, although it can now be treated with antibiotics. Fleas and their unknowing human carriers traveled across a hemisphere and infected one person after another. Survivors of this swift menace seized the opportunities that arose from altered social and economic structures. Although humanity will never know the exact death toll, researchers will continue to study the epidemiology and history of the plague to ensure that this horror never happens again.

Greening the supply chain TLMT 441 Question1 Assignment

Greening the supply chain TLMT 441 Question1 - Assignment Example Changing goods by making them renewable may cause troubles with other business goals, like profit-realization. At times, a plan is costly to make sense for a corporation. Some simple thoughts for greening a business’ supply chain include: Reducing energy use by machine re-designing and preventive repairs. Secondly, measuring and minimizing transporting in the delivery network. Furthermore, it involves operating with suppliers to reduce surplus packaging. Equally, it comprises of incorporating recycling of products development program (Tohamy, 2009, p.10). Using smaller quantity resources, whilst still successfully retaining brand integrity, permit more well-organized resource use. Exhaustion of limited resources, decreasing dangerous constituents, and selecting cost efficient use of those resources leads to environmental sustainability. When customers get concerned with the surroundings, so should the business selling to those clients. This results in customer satisfaction. Through Green Supply Chain Managements, corporations may achieve competitive and cost advantages. Thus, more efficient resource use, rising sustainability, and consumer fulfillment all directs to the above two

BSC (Hons) Social Work. Children and Families module Essay

BSC (Hons) Social Work. Children and Families module - Essay Example It is, thus, that the dissertation shall explore the problem of homelessness in Great Britain, although with particular focus on youth homelessness in the Luton area. The study’s immediate motive and rationale emanate from the fact that the researcher was once, herself, homeless as a consequence of domestic violence. This first-hand experience has given the researcher a valuable insight into the implications of homelessness, as in the risk factors which the homeless are exposed to and the reasons why this problem is not an individual but a societal one. Added to the above mentioned, the rationale for the study further emanates from the incontrovertible importance of the problem itself and the imperatives of identifying the causes of homelessness and designing a preventative strategy. Jus as a means of emphasising the importance of the identified problem, hence, the motives of the study, it is well worth mentioning that the United Kingdom has the highest homelessness rate in the European Union and, one of the highest in the West. One out of every 250 people is homeless. Of this figure, it is estimated that, at least, a quarter of a million youth are living on the streets (Hall, 2003). London is the most affected area with homelessness rates twice the average for all other areas across the United Kingdom. In Luton, the focus of the study, statistics released by the Luton Borough Council indicate that there are at least 1,150 homeless households in the area, with studies indicating an undeniable potential for growth (`Homeless strateg y,’ 2003). In other words, the problem is a serious and important one, well-worth investigating. As may have been deduced from the foregoing, the problem of homelessness is not simply an important and serious one but it is expansive in scope. Accordingly, the researcher had to limit and define the scope of the study. To this extent, the dissertation will centre on the question of whether homelessness is a

10 C's for Writing Effectively Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

10 C's for Writing Effectively - Research Paper Example It is therefore highly due of the organization to pay him back in a modest way and send him off with the most deserving manner that he deserves. It is therefore decided that a formal farewell will be organized which will be held in the evening hours of the working. All the members are cordially invited to and requested to join the farewell party and make their presence felt and pay back the honorable officer Mr. Joe Banyon as a tribute to his contributions. The departments are requested to organize and arrange for activities in the form of small skits, performances, tribute or any other effort that may make the respected Mr. Joe Banyon well received and warmly treated before his retirement. The farewell party is still six days away, and the following email ids and phone numbers are attached through which the members can get in touch and coordinate or consult for any kind of suggestions, information or ideas that they may feel appropriate for the event for which gathering and entire event is being organized. These Cs include, communication, Correctness and Coherence. All of these variables were either partially touched upon or were missing in the initially written mail and letter. Adding these have made it possible to address the entire unit. The addition of email address, and adding formal touch to the letter has also added one more C of formal letter writing. This C is added in the form of Connection between the different elements of the letter. The connection point allows for a clearly written paper establishing a link between the different terminals and points of

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay Explaination:- Lut is referred to as Lot in the Hebrew Scriptures. This passage is an apparent reference to the activities at Sodom and Gamorah. It seems to imply that there was no homosexual behavior before it first appeared in Sodom. This is a uniquely Islamic concept; it does not appear in Jewish or Christian beliefs. The passage also links the sin of Sodom (the reason for its destruction) to homosexuality.That linkage is contradicted by other verses in the Hebrew Scriptures. The Quran prohibits any sexual relationship except in a marriage between male and female. It is advised to take Homosexual as a test of life and suppress the feeling to follow Gods law in Islam. According to The Islam Society of North America, Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, said: Homosexuality is a moral disorder, a sin and corruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No person is born homosexual, just like no one is born a thief, a liar or murderer. People acquire these evil habits due to a lack of proper guideance and education. He also said : There are many reasons why it is forbidden in Islam. Homosexuality is dangerous for the health of the individuals and for the society. It is a main cause of one of the most harmful and fatal diseases. It is disgraceful for both men and women. It degrades a person. Islam teaches that men should be men and women should be women. Homosexuality deprives a man of his manhood and a woman of her womanhood. It is the most un-natural way of life. Homosexuality leads to the destruction of family life. All Islamic schools of thought and jurisprudence consider gay acts to be unlawful but they differ in terms of penalty:- The Hanafite school (currently seen mainly in South and Eastern Asia) taught that no physical punishment is warranted. The Hanabalites, (widely followed in the Arab world) taught that severe punishment is warranted. The Shafi school of thought (also seen in the Arab world) requires a minimum of 4 adult male witnesses before a person can be found guilty of a homosexual act. Since Iranian revolution in 1979, Al-Fatiha estimates that 4,000 homosexuals have been executed in Iran and 10 public executions of homosexuals have been performed in Afghanistan by the Taliban army. Conclusion, in Islam, it is clear that homosexual is wrong and cannot be accepted and pratise by Muslim and there is punishment of Muslim who practise. The punnishment also differ in schools and Muslim who belong to a specific school will undergo the penalty that is warranted br that particular school. Christian view about Homosexual As Bible is the Holy Book for Christians, the Bible had talk about homosexuality in some verses. Below is the example of some the verses:- In the Old Testament, homosexual behaviour is mentioned in the story of the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by God in the book of Genesis (Revised Standard Version, RSV), >>> Chapter 19 Gen.19,1  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two angels came to Sodom in the evening; and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the earth, Gen.19,2  Ã‚  Ã‚   and said, lMy lords, turn aside, I pray you, to your servants house and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise up early and go on your way.l They said, lNo; we will spend the night in the street.l Gen.19,3  Ã‚  Ã‚   But he urged them strongly; so they turned aside to him and entered his house; and he made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. Gen.19,4  Ã‚  Ã‚   But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both young and old, all the people to the last man, surrounded the house; Gen.19,5  Ã‚  Ã‚   and they called to Lot, lWhere are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know them [New International Version (NIV): can have sex with them , New Jerusallam Bible (NJB): can have intercourse with them].l The book of Leviticus also mentions homosexual behaviour(Revised Standard Version, RSV): Lev.18,22  Ã‚  Ã‚   You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination Lev.18,23  Ã‚  Ã‚   And you shall not lie with any beast and defile yourself with it, neither shall any woman give herself to a beast to lie with it: it is perversion. Lev.18,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   lDo not defile yourselves by any of these things, for by all these the nations I am casting out before you defiled themselves; Lev.18,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the land became defiled, so that I punished its iniquity, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. In the New Testament St. Paul writes about homosexual behaviour in his letter to the Romans (RSV): Rom.1,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, Rom.1,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever! Amen. Rom.1,26  Ã‚  Ã‚   For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, Rom.1,27  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error. Rom.1,32  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though they know Gods decree that those who do such things deserve to die, they not only do them but approve those who practice them. [source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality] However, homosexuality is accepted by some Christian denomination and the acception of homosexual couple can be catogeries into allows as members, ordains, blesses union and marries. These are acception of some denomiation:- Denomiation Allows as members Ordains Blesses Union Marries Methodist Yes No No No Roman Catholic Church Yes(but may possibly be denied sacraments since it varies) No(celibate homosexual men also not to be ordained, women are resticted regardless of orientation) No No Episcopal Yes Yes Yes Yes(allows Bishops to decide) [Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality] In conlusion, most of Chritianity denomiation does not accept homosexually fully and Christian is bounded to his or her denomiation to refer on homosexual. However , in Bible, it is stated in many verses that can be interpreted that homosexual is wrong and prohibited. Buddhism view about homosexual Buddha did not leave any teaching neither about homosexual orientation nor homosexual behaviour. He encourage his follower to examine and test the truth of religious teaching before accepting them; be a lamp onto yourself. Buddhism teaches to do thing that useful and helpful,based on good intention and and freedom from harm. There are some arguments made from basic Buddhist priciples, which is Buddhas Eightfold Path. Second of the eight steps is called as Samma sankappa: right thinking or right resolve. When this step is related to sexual behaviour, it is explained as that it is not allowed to engage with pleasurable activities such as masturbation and also harm another person. Other than that, fourth step of the eight step, Samma Kammanta; right conduct or right behaviour also been related with sexual behaviour. This step is explained as that safe sex should be practise to avoid passing STDs which may cause death, engage with only sex that has mutual consent, and avoid unlawful sex. From here, according to basic Buddhist principle, we can say that homosexual can be practise except if there is no mutual consent or it is unlawful and also safe sex is not practise. Theravada Buddhism is one of the largest division of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhists say that if a relationship gives out happiness and well-being to both parties, then it is positive and can be accepted. Kerry Trembathe commented that Buddhist leaders grouped coercive sex, sexual harashment, child molestation and adultery as sexuall misconduct but heterosexual and homosexual sex are accepted. Kerry Thembathe concludes:- lUnfortunately, it cannot be said that homosexuals in countries where Buddhists are in the majority are any more free from prejudice and discrimination than they are in other countries. Everywhere it has taken root, Buddhism has absorbed aspects of the dominant culture, and this has sometimes been to its detriment. Neither is it true to say that people who espouse Buddhism are themselves any more free from prejudiced views than those of other persuasions. However it is clear that there is nothing in the Buddhas teachings to justify condemnation of homosexuality or homosexual acts. It seems to me that many gays and lesbians, particularly in Western countries, are drawn to Buddhism because of its tolerance and its reluctance to draw rigid moral lines, although of course I have no hard evidence for this. The same principles would be used to evaluate all relationships and sexual behaviour, whether heterosexual or homosexual.l [Source from: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htm ] Hinduisme view about homosexual Homosexuality is a controversial issue within Hindus ecspecialy among Hindus in countries where homosexually is accepted generally. The famous Kama Sutra states that homosexual sex is to be engaged in for its own sake as arts. There are arguement is done on this topic against the Hinduisms teachings on love,sex and marriage. In Hinduism, love is an external force which is important to attain Moksha. Erotic desire or Kama in Hinduism is one of the most legimate pleasures on earth, however premarital sex and extramarital sex is prohibited. This is summarise of the arguemnt. Some people does not agree to accept homosexual and these are their points:- Romantic love naturally between men and women and it is impossible for homosexual people to experience this love. Then, homosexual is a form of lust; lust is wrong , thus homosexual activities are wrong. One of the three functions of marriage is Prajaa, the progeny for perpetuation of ones family. A homosexual couple cannot procreate, and thus cannot be married. Since homosexual couples cannot marry, they cannot engage with sexual intercourse as premaritel and extramarital sex is wrong. At the counter part, they have their own points and these are the points:- There is no prove that show love is between men and women in Hindu. Therefore, it is not true. Hence, homosexual couple can experience love and not lust at all time. The three functions of marriage is from Dharma Shastras, books that not binding to Hindus. Prajaa may be interpreted in a number of ways that do not involve procreation at all even if the three function is related to marriage. Thus homosexuals should be allowed to marry. A loving relationship is encouraged to have sexual expression since it is not expreesion of lust but love. Therefore, homosexual is loving relationship should allowed to express their love sexually. Sikhism view about Homosexuality The Guru Granth Sahib, The highest authority in Sikhism, kept silent on homosexual topic, however there are parts of Guru Granth Sahib that have been interpreted that homosexual is wrong. The five thiefs that should avoided by Sikhs; Pride(aHankar) , Anger( Krodh) ,Greed( LobH), Lust(Khaaam) and Attachment(MoH) are statedin the Guru Granth Sahib. Many Sikhs believe that homosexual is a product of lust, hence homosexual is forbidden. In reference to Sikhisms rejection on Indian caste system, Sikhs that born or raised in countries that tolerant to homosexual describe homosexual is the new Untouchables. These Sikhs also believe that Guru Nanaks emphasisation on universal quality and brotherhood supports gay rights. Any alternative way of living is prohibited in family living; one of Sikhisms most underlying values. Most of Sikhs assume that this means homosexual is prohibited. Most of Sikh will try to overcome homosexual feeling by believing it is lust and marry opposite sex person. This makes a belief that no homosexual Sikh. But those Sikh who support homosexual, say that family living value is not only for heterosexual couple but also applicable for homosexual couple. In conclusion, most Sikh do not practise homosexual , however there is some Sikh who support the arguement about homosexual is not wrong and pratise it. Conclusion Religion Acception of Homosexual Islam Not Accepted Christian Depend on Christianity denomiation whether accepted or not and also the degree of acception. Hindism A controversual issue; some accept and some not and they have their own arguement on their acception. Buddhism Alike as Hinduism; some accept but some not. Sikhism Most of Sikh do not accept but a minority people accept it.